Er ist dann mit dem Schwesterschiff der Gustloff noch rausgekommen, ebenfalls ein ehemaliger KDF-Dampfer. He was downgraded in rank to lieutenant and dishonorably discharged from the Soviet Navy in October 1945. Her purposes were to provide recreational and cultural activities for German functionaries and workers, including concerts, cruises, and other holiday trips, and to serve as a public relations tool that would present "a more acceptable image of the Third Reich". The Wilhelm Gustloff underway not long after it was launched in May 1937. The only vessel accompanying the Wilhelm Gustloff was the Löwe, a torpedo boat. Am 21. And then there is something else World War II is filled with: “worsts.”. Measuring Januar 1945 von den alliierten Soldateska versenkt worden ist. Many others jumped into the icy Baltic. Die »Wilhelm Gustloff« hatte eine Verdrängung von 25 484 BRT, eine Länge von 208,5 m und eine Breite von 23,6 m. Sie besaß zehn Decks und war ausgelegt für 417 Besatzungsmitglieder und etwa 1 465 Passagiere. On the second day of her voyage, the 58-year-old Captain Lübbe died on the bridge from a heart attack. “The new year of the Second World War 1942 opened upon us in an entirely different shape for Britain.” -Prime Minister Winston Churchill. By one estimate,[4][5] 9,400 people died, which makes it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history. Robert Citino, PhD, Executive Director of the Institute for the Study of War and Democracy and the Samuel Zemurray Stone Senior Historian... Institute for the Study of War and Democracy, Kinderdorf Pestalozzi: “Building a World in Which Children Can Live”, Commitment, Choice, and Revolutionary Democracy: The Philosophy and Politics of Jean–Paul Sartre with Ian Birchall, The Foundation of the Socialist Unity Party, ‘The League is Dead. 73" on Polish navigation charts,[29] and classified as a war grave, Wilhelm Gustloff rests at .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}55°04′22″N 17°25′17″E / 55.0729°N 17.4213°E / 55.0729; 17.4213, about 19 nmi (35 km; 22 mi) offshore, east of Łeba and west of Władysławowo (the former Leba and Großendorf respectively). Even as it was preparing to depart the harbor, the ship was still picking up more human cargo, another 600 from the steamer Reval, for example. They were making for the coast, for the safety of the ports Pillau or Gotenhafen. His coffin, transported on a special train from Davos to Schwerin, made stops in Stuttgart, Würzburg, Erfurt, Halle, Magdeburg and Wittenberg. In 1942, SS Cap Arcona was used as a stand-in for RMS Titanic in the German film version of the disaster. The Wilhelm Gustloff was constructed by the Blohm & Voss shipyards. 5. [9] The closest of the ships that answered the distress call was Wilhelm Gustloff, which reached Pegaway at 6 am. One thing is certain. Geneviève Guilbaud has lived a life of remembrance, an existence always directed against the forgetting and trivialization of the horrors of Nazism. Januar 1945 wurde die Wilhelm Gustloff mit… Seine Einheit sollte mit der Wilhelm Gustloff evakuiert werden, doch gab man dann Zivilisten den Vorrang. Formerly a cruise liner for Hitler's "Strength Through Joy" program in the 1930's, and then a hospital ship during wartime, Wilhelm Gustloff was pulling different duty that long-ago night in the Baltic Sea. „Wilhelm Gustloff“61 Minuten bis zum Untergang Brian Sipple Letzter Ausweg über die Ostsee: Die Route der Gustloff Für rund 2000 Passagiere ist die Gustloff ausgelegt. Charges that Marinesko had violated the laws of war have arisen from time to time, but they’ve been difficult to sustain. Januar 1945 die mit Flüchtlingen überfüllte "Wilhelm Gustloff" torpedierte. [28], Noted as "Obstacle No. Im Hafen liegt auch die "Wilhelm Gustloff", das für kurze Zeit größte Kreuzfahrtschiff der Welt, über 208 Meter lang, fast 24 Meter breit, mit Kino und Schwimmbad. When the Wilhelm Gustloff went down, on the other hand, with the loss of more than 6,000 lives, the controlled media adopted the deliberate policy that it was a non-event, not to be commented on or even reported. He died three weeks later from cancer at age 50. "[26] It should also be noted that the Nazi's killed over 1,000 civilians a day at the Auschwitz extermination camp. About twenty minutes after the torpedoes' impact, Wilhelm Gustloff listed so dramatically to port that the lifeboats lowered on the high starboard side crashed into the ship's tilting side, destroying many lifeboats and spilling their occupants. Admiral Karl Dönitz felt that the earlier the evacuation took place, the better its chance of success, a reasonable assumption. War crime or not, what happened to Wilhelm Gustloff was bad. It is one of the largest shipwrecks on the Baltic Sea floor and has been attracting much interest from treasure hunters searching for the lost Amber Room. Learn more about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff in this article. Against the advice of the military commander, Lieutenant Commander Wilhelm Zahn (a submariner who argued for a course in shallow waters close to shore and without lights), Wilhelm Gustloff's captain, Friedrich Petersen, decided to head for deep water which was known to have been cleared of mines. Adolf Hitler decided on the name change after sitting next to Gustloff's widow during his memorial service. Also at port is the Wilhelm Gustloff, once the legendary cruise liner. It was sunk in the Baltic Sea on the night of January 30, 1945, by a Soviet submarine. With seven other ships in the KdF fleet, she transported the Condor Legion back from Spain following the victory of the Nationalist forces under General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. (Courtesy of the Wilhelm Gustloff Museum) Soon the nearby Soviet submarine S … "Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disaster", Niven, Bill; "The Good Captain and the Bad Captain: Joseph Vilsmaier's "Die Gustloff" and the Erosion of Complexity" in, This page was last edited on 25 April 2021, at 02:33. The first was nicknamed "for the Motherland", the second "for Leningrad", the third "for the Soviet people", and the fourth, which got jammed in the torpedo tubes and had to be dismantled, "for Stalin". The first torpedo struck the ship's bow, causing the watertight doors to seal off the area which contained quarters where off-duty crew members were sleeping. She sank bow-first ten minutes later, in 44 m (144 ft) of water. [27] There were, however, 373 female naval auxiliaries amongst the passengers, only three of whom survived. [18] The ship had four captains (Wilhelm Gustloff's captain, two merchant marine captains, and the captain of the U-boat complement housed on the vessel) on board, and they disagreed on the best course of action to guard against submarine attacks. Three of them hit home, striking Wilhelm Gustloff on the bow, stern, and amidships. The dead numbered between 6,000-9,000. He was replaced by Friedrich Petersen, who commanded Wilhelm Gustloff for the remainder of the cruise. She served as a hospital ship in 1939 and 1940. The ship made her unofficial maiden voyage between 24 and 27 March 1938 carrying Austrians in an attempt to convince them to vote for the annexation of Austria by Germany. [25] However, based on the latest estimates of passenger numbers and those known to be saved, Wilhelm Gustloff remains by far the largest loss of life resulting from the sinking of one vessel in maritime history. Vor 75 Jahren ereignet sich die bisher größte Schiffskatastrophe. Ein Sowjet-Kommandant hatte sie für ein Kriegsschiff gehalten. Once again, the figure depends on the initial figure for those on board. German refugees were on the road in the winter of 1944-45, great columns of men, women, and children, desperate to flee as the onrushing Soviets overran their homes. [10] Once the voting was complete, Wilhelm Gustloff departed, reaching Hamburg on 12 April. [14] The passengers, besides civilians, included Gestapo personnel, members of the Organisation Todt, and Nazi officials with their families. Auf die Frage nach dem größten Schiffsunglück der Geschichte würden sicher die meisten Menschen mit "Titanic" antworten. Operation Hannibal was the naval evacuation of German troops and civilians from Poland and the Baltic states as the Red Army advanced. "Wilhelm Gustloff: World's Deadliest Sea Disasters". Der Stapellauf der »Wilhelm Gustloff« erfolgte am 5. Implications. The Wilhelm Gustloff activated its navigation lights to avoid collisions and continued on Captain Petersen’s route. Here, rumor had it, they would be evacuated to the west. En route, Hansa and one of the torpedo boats developed mechanical trouble, thus Wilhelm Gustloff and torpedo boat Löwe sailed on ahead. The recorded numbers contradict one another, and we probably never will know how many people were on board the ship. Many had worked at advanced weapon bases in the Baltic[13] from Gotenhafen to Kiel. The Wilhelm Gustloff, like the Titanic, was a big passenger liner and was reasonably new and luxurious. An Unsolved History episode that aired in March 2003,[4] on the Discovery Channel, undertook a computer analysis of her sinking. Lowe and Wilheim Gustloff. By 4 April, it was taking on water and slowly sinking. Many deaths were caused either directly by the torpedoes or by drowning in the onrushing water. In fact, we might say it was the worst. But it was a German passenger liner. She had eight decks, a top speed of fifteen knots … Nach dem Durchbruch der Roten Armee an der Ostfront fanden sich daher zu Beginn des Jahres 1945 viele Einwohner der Provinz vom übrigen Reichsgebiet abgeschnitten. [12] A ticket for the Gustloff from someone who didn't board the ship at the last minute. 61 Minuten nach dem Einschlag geht die „Wilhelm Gustloff“ unter. The Wilhelm Gustloff sailed out of Gotenhafen and a transmission was intercepted by what is assumed to be a British station noting her movements at 3:06pm. Januar 1945 treffen drei Torpedos die völlig überfüllte "Wilhelm Gustloff". The ship left Danzig at 12:30 pm on 30 January 1945, accompanied by the passenger liner Hansa, also filled with civilians and military personnel, and two torpedo boats. The jam-packed ship was soon a scene of horror, with explosions, fires, children blown overboard, passengers slipping and sliding on the icy deck, and tumbling into the sea. German forces were able to rescue 1,252 of the survivors from the attack: the torpedo boat T36 rescued 564 people; the torpedo boat Löwe (ex-Gyller), 472; the minesweeper M387, 98; the minesweeper M375, 43; the minesweeper M341, 37; the steamer Göttingen, 28; the torpedo recovery boat (Torpedofangboot) TF19, 7; the freighter Gotenland, two; and the patrol boat (Vorpostenboot) V1703, one baby.
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